Hydrops Fetalis

H:  Hepatic disease (e.g. biliary atresia, cholestasis, hepatitis), Heart disease (e.g. congenital heart disease - Ebstein's)

Y:  Y absence (Turner syndrome: X0), Yet undetermined (some cases are indeed idiopathic)

D:  Dwarfism (e.g. thanatophoric dwarfism), Dysplasia (skeletal)

R:  Renal (e.g. congenital nephrotic syndrome, renal malformations, obstructive uropathy)

O:  Overload of Circulation (e.g. arteriovenous malformation).

P:  Pulmonary (e.g. sequestration, congenital adenomatoid malformation), Placental (e.g. chorioangioma), Parvovirus infection

S:  Syndromes (e.g. trisomy 13, 18, 21; triploidy)

F:  Fibroelastosis (endocardial)

E:  Extramedullary hematopoiesis (Rh disease, ABO disease, Kell and Kidd antibodies)

T:  TORCH, Twin-twin transfusion, Tumors (e.g. teratoma, neuroblastoma), Thyroid dysfunction (e.g. hypothyroidism)

A:  Arrhythmia (e.g. congenital heart block), Anemia (e.g. hemoglobinopathy- Bart)

L:  Lymph (e.g. thoracic duct malformation, lymphangiectasia)

I:   Inborn errors of metabolism (e.g. Hurler’s, Gaucher’s)

S:  Sepsis (TORCH, syphilis, coxsackie, parvo)

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6-24-05